Character Functions in SQL

• Case-manipulation functions
• LOWER   :- Converts alpha character values to lowercase.
• UPPER   :-  Converts alpha character values to uppercase.
• INITCAP  :-  Converts alpha character values to uppercase for the first letter of               each word.
• Character-manipulation functions
• CONCAT  :-  Concatenates the first character values to second character value.
• SUBSTR  :-  Return specified characters from character value.
• LENGTH  :-  Returns the number of character in the expression.
• INSTR  :-  Returns the numeric position of a named string.
• LPAD  :-  Pads the character value right justified to a total width of n.
• RPAD  :- Pads the character value left justified to a total width of n.
• TRIM  :-  Enables you to trim heading or trailing characters from a character string.
• REPLACE  :-  Searches a text expression for a character string and if found, replaces it with a specified replacement string.

Example:

LOWER

UPPER & INITCAP

CONCAT

SUBSTR

LENGTH

INSTR

LPAD & RPAD

TRIM